CMIN2 and AS9929: China Mobile and Unicom's Premium Routes

What CMIN2 is

CMIN2 is China Mobile International’s premium network, registered as AS58807. China Mobile runs three networks that matter for a server abroad:

Network	Network number	APNIC registry name	PeeringDB name
CMNET, China Mobile inside China	AS9808	CHINAMOBILE-CN, China Mobile Communications Group	China Mobile Communications Group Co., Ltd.
CMI, China Mobile International	AS58453	CMI-INT-HK, China Mobile International Limited	China Mobile International
CMIN2	AS58807	CMI-INT-AS, China Mobile International Limited	China Mobile International - NII, also known as CMIN2

APNIC registered AS58807 to China Mobile International in January 2013. Its routing records use the CMIN2 name: China Mobile International’s address blocks for AS58807 are described as “CMIN2 Customers Routes” and “CMIN2 Route”, some updated as recently as February 2026. In PeeringDB, where networks publish their peering details, AS58807 is “China Mobile International - NII”, also known as CMIN2. PeeringDB lists CMI (AS58453) as a global network carrying 10 to 20 Tbps, with AS9808 (CMNET) as a related network.

China Mobile International’s own product pages describe its IP Transit service but don’t mention CMIN2 (checked October 14, 2026). The earliest descriptions we found are V2EX forum posts from July 2022. One said China Mobile International had recently launched a premium network, CMIN2, on AS58807, with a launch event, and a reply compared it to China Telecom’s CN2 GIA. In November 2024, BandwagonHost announced that it had “added China Mobile’s premium CMIN2 routes” to its network.

What AS9929 is (AS9929 联通)

AS9929 is China Unicom’s second backbone, CUII. APNIC registers it as “CUII”, described as “CHINA UNICOM Industrial Internet Backbone”, and APNIC’s routing records for some of its address blocks say “China Unicom CUII Network”.

IT Home gave its history in December 2020. AS9929 was CNCNET, the original backbone of China Netcom. When China Netcom merged into China Unicom in 2008, CNCNET stayed relatively independent and became known as China Unicom’s “A network”. In 2018, China Unicom renamed it CUII, China Unicom Industrial Internet. IT Home says CUII is positioned somewhat like China Telecom’s CN2: it carries international and domestic MPLS-VPN traffic and dedicated internet lines for large customers, is common for business broadband and data centers, and is rarely used for home broadband.

China Unicom Global’s IP Transit and DIA pages don’t mention AS9929: the IP Transit page describes “an AS4837/AS10099 network platform”, and the DIA page names no network numbers (checked October 14, 2026).

AS4837 vs AS9929

AS4837 is China Unicom’s main backbone, China169, and AS9929 is the smaller second one. APNIC lists AS4837 as “CHINA UNICOM China169 Backbone”. According to IT Home, China169 came from the part of China Telecom’s 163 network that went to China Netcom in 2002, and China Unicom took it over in the 2008 merger. IT Home describes China Unicom as running “China169 + CUII”, two networks side by side.

On Hurricane Electric’s BGP Toolkit, AS4837 originates 1,526 IPv4 prefixes and AS9929 originates 249. PeeringDB lists AS4837 as carrying 10 to 20 Tbps; the AS9929 entry gives no figures.

For a server abroad, the difference is the route to home users, who are mostly on 4837: IT Home says CUII is rarely used for home broadband. In our traces, probes on China Unicom’s 4837 network reached servers sold with 9929 by leaving 4837 inside China, crossing 9929, and running on China Unicom Global (AS10099) abroad. Traces to servers without it stayed on 4837 until a foreign carrier took over.

The 9929 route hosts sell (AS9929 线路)

Hosts that sell a “9929 route” (9929 线路) say their China Unicom traffic runs over AS9929. In our traces and in several tests below, that traffic also crossed AS10099, China Unicom Global, outside China. APNIC describes AS10099 as the “International Gateway of China Unicom Group”, registered to China Unicom (Hong Kong) Operations Limited, and PeeringDB lists it as a global network carrying 1 to 5 Tbps.

Hosts use several names for it:

• “China Unicom Premium (AS10099)”: BandwagonHost. DMIT’s status page also says “China Unicom Premium”.
• “CU PREMIUM”: GreenCloudVPS. “CUP (China Unicom Premium)”: V.PS, whose blog defines it as “China Unicom Premium, AS9929/AS10099”.
• “CUG”, short for China Unicom Global: Misaka, HostKVM and HNCloud.
• “9929”, “CUII” or “CU(AS9929)”: HostDare, ZgoCloud, VMRack, DigitalVirt, CubeCloud and TMHHost. nosla.cloud lists “10099-9929” in its plan details.

We found no China Unicom page that uses “China Unicom Premium” as a product name. Not every host treats 10099 as premium either: in Los Angeles, VMRack sells “Premium Direct China Routes (CN2 GIA + 9929 + CMIN2)” and, separately, “Optimized Routes (163 + 10099)”.

How they compare with CN2

Each carrier has an ordinary route abroad and a premium one. Network numbers and names are from APNIC and PeeringDB:

Carrier	Inside China	Ordinary route abroad	Premium route
China Telecom	163 / ChinaNet (AS4134)	163 (AS4134)	CN2 (AS4809); CTGNet (AS23764)
China Unicom	China169 (AS4837)	China169 (AS4837)	CUII (AS9929) and China Unicom Global (AS10099)
China Mobile	CMNET (AS9808)	CMI (AS58453)	CMIN2 (AS58807)

The setups differ. CN2 is China Telecom’s second backbone, “China Telecom Next Generation Carrier Network” in APNIC’s registry; the CN2 GIA guide explains it. CUII is also a second backbone inside China, which IT Home compares to CN2. CMIN2 belongs to China Mobile International, which is registered in Hong Kong: in our traces, China Mobile traffic stayed on CMNET inside China and switched to CMIN2 at the border, in Shanghai or Guangzhou.

Each premium route belongs to one carrier. BandwagonHost says that for China-to-USA traffic, China Telecom stopped peering with China Unicom and China Mobile in 2019, which “resulted in added complexity for network operators”. Many hosts now list a separate premium route for each carrier.

How to spot CMIN2 and 9929 in a traceroute

Look at the network number on each hop, then check the address against APNIC’s records. NextTrace prints both; the NextTrace guide shows how to install and run it. These ranges are confirmed in APNIC’s registry:

Network	Hop addresses	APNIC record	NextTrace label
China Unicom 4837	219.158.0.x to 219.158.127.x	Route objects for most of this range: “China Unicom China169 Network”, AS4837	CU169-BACKBONE
China Unicom 9929	218.105.x.x	Route object for 218.105.0.0/16, AS9929	CNC-BACKBONE
China Unicom 9929	210.14.160.x to 210.14.191.x	Route object “China Unicom CncNet”, AS9929	CNC-BACKBONE
China Unicom Global (AS10099)	203.160.64.x to 203.160.95.x	Route object “China Unicom Global”, AS10099	CUG-BACKBONE
China Unicom Global (AS10099)	162.219.32.x to 162.219.39.x	Registered to China Unicom (Hong Kong), with route objects for AS10099	CUG-BACKBONE
China Mobile CMI (AS58453)	223.120.0.x to 223.120.127.x	Registered to China Mobile International as “CMI-INT-HK”; route object “CMI Routes”, AS58453	CMI-INT

Three cautions:

• There’s no address rule for CMIN2. No registry record names a CMIN2 range for router addresses. In our traces, every hop NextTrace labeled CMIN2 (AS58807) was in 223.120.128.x to 223.120.255.x, a block APNIC registers to China Mobile as “CMNET”, with no route object. CMI’s routers sit in the lower half of the same 223.120 block, so go by the network number: AS58807 is CMIN2, AS58453 is CMI.
• Of 218.104 to 218.107, only 218.105 is all 9929. The neighboring 218.104, 218.106 and 218.107 blocks have route objects for 9929, 4837 and other China Unicom networks.
• 219.158.128.x and up isn’t the backbone. APNIC registers it to China Unicom’s Beijing provincial network (AS4808).

For China Telecom, 59.43.x.x is CN2; the CN2 GIA guide has the details.

To check a server:

1. From the server to China. Run nexttrace -F. NextTrace’s source code lists its targets in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, including “联通 169 AS4837”, “联通 A网(CNC) AS9929”, “移动 CMNET AS9808” and “移动 CMIN2 AS58807”. The 4837 and 9808 targets show your route to home users: look for 10099 and 9929 hops on the way to 4837, and CMIN2 hops on the way to CMNET.
2. From China to the server. Run nexttrace --from "AS4837" with your server’s IP for China Unicom, or --from "AS9808" for China Mobile. The trace runs from a Globalping probe on that carrier’s network.
3. Compare the two. Hosts often sell these routes in one direction only, so a good trace one way says nothing about the other.

Routes we traced

We ran traceroutes through Globalping probes on China Unicom and China Mobile networks to looking-glass servers and test IPs that hosts publish. xTom runs the premium looking glasses in San Jose, Tokyo and Singapore. nosla.cloud lists the San Jose and Tokyo ones for its premium plans, V.PS lists Tokyo and Singapore as “the network behind Performance KVM VPS”, and GreenCloudVPS lists the Tokyo and Singapore addresses as its Premium test IPs. Each trace shows only the route from China to the server, from one probe.

Probe in China	Date and time (China)	Target	Route	Time to server
China Unicom (AS4837), Changsha	Oct 12, 7:58 am	DMIT Los Angeles Pro	4837 to Shanghai, then 9929, then China Unicom Global (AS10099) to Los Angeles	162 ms
China Mobile (AS9808), Beijing	Oct 12, 7:58 am	DMIT Los Angeles Pro	China Mobile to Shanghai, then CMIN2 to Los Angeles	155 ms
China Unicom (AS4837), Xi’an	Oct 13, 12:52 pm	xTom San Jose premium	4837 to Shanghai, then 9929, then AS10099 to San Jose	169 ms
China Mobile (AS9808), Beijing	Oct 13, 12:51 pm	xTom San Jose premium	China Mobile to Shanghai, then CMIN2 to San Jose	148 ms
China Unicom (AS4837), Xi’an	Oct 13, 12:52 pm	xTom Tokyo premium	4837 to Shanghai, then 9929, then AS10099 to Tokyo	62 ms
China Mobile (AS9808), Kunming	Oct 13, 9:05 am	xTom Tokyo premium	China Mobile to Shanghai, then CMIN2 to Tokyo	72 ms
China Unicom (AS4837), Changsha	Oct 13, 12:50 pm	xTom Singapore premium	4837 in Guangzhou, 9929 to Hong Kong, then AS10099 to Singapore	58 ms
China Mobile (AS9808), Kunming	Oct 13, 12:50 pm	xTom Singapore premium	China Mobile to Guangzhou, then CMIN2 via Hong Kong to Singapore	62 ms
China Unicom (AS4837), Changsha	Oct 12, 7:58 am	DMIT Los Angeles T1, “without specific China-routing enhancements”	4837 to Los Angeles, then GTT	191 ms to the last hop that replied
China Mobile (AS9808), Nanning	Oct 12, 7:58 am	DMIT Los Angeles T1	CMI to Los Angeles and on to Miami, then back west via Dallas	231 ms to the last hop that replied

What to take from it:

• Every trace to a server sold with these routes used them. China Unicom traffic left 4837 inside China, crossed 9929 and arrived on AS10099; China Mobile traffic crossed on CMIN2.
• Even off-peak, the premium routes to DMIT’s Los Angeles servers were faster: 162 ms against 191 ms for China Unicom, and 155 ms against 231 ms for China Mobile, counting the T1 server to its last replying hop. The two China Mobile traces came from probes in different cities.
• GreenCloudVPS labels its Singapore Premium line CMI for China Mobile, while V.PS names CMIN2 for the network behind the same looking glass. Our China Mobile trace to that address used CMIN2.

The other direction, from Los Angeles back to China, on October 12 at about 8 am China time: from a probe on DMIT’s network, the trace to China Unicom’s Shanghai endpoint ran over AS10099 and 9929 (124 ms), and the one to China Mobile’s over CMIN2 (129 ms). From Vultr’s network, China Unicom was reached over GTT and 4837 (245 ms) and China Mobile over CMI (140 ms).

These are single runs at off-peak or midday hours, not at the evening peak, and none measures loss or speed. The raw output is kept with our records.

CMIN2 VPS and AS9929 VPS hosts

These hosts’ own pages said on October 14, 2026, that they route China Mobile traffic over CMIN2 or China Unicom traffic over 9929 or AS10099, which some call China Unicom Premium. Prices are full prices, and “cheapest” means the cheapest plan you could order that day.

Host	Locations with these routes	China Mobile	China Unicom	Direction, in the host’s words	Cheapest plan you could order
BandwagonHost	Los Angeles (DC6, DC9), San Jose, New York, Vancouver, Amsterdam; Singapore (CMIN2 only)	CMIN2 (AS58807)	China Unicom Premium (AS10099)	Los Angeles DC9: “All China-bound traffic”	$49.99 per 3 months; 1 GB RAM, 1 TB a month, 2.5 Gbit/s
DMIT	Los Angeles	CMIN2	China Unicom Premium	Pro: “Inbound”. EB: “Outbound” and “Inbound”	$72.90 a month (Pro); 4 GB RAM, 5,000 GB, 10 Gbit/s
HostDare	Los Angeles	CMIN2 (AS58807)	CU (AS9929)	“单程” (one way): server to China	$49.99 per 3 months; 2 GB RAM, 1,000 GB, 60 Mbit/s
nosla.cloud	San Jose, Tokyo, Frankfurt	CMIN2	9929; plan details say “10099-9929”	“双程” (both ways)	¥115 per 3 months (Frankfurt); 1 GB RAM, 500 GB, 500 Mbit/s shared
GreenCloudVPS	Tokyo; Singapore	Tokyo: CMIN2. Singapore: CMI	“CU PREMIUM”	Not stated	$45 a month (Singapore); 4 GB RAM, 1 TB, 1 Gbit/s
V.PS	Tokyo, Singapore	“CMIN2 (China Mobile International N2)”	“CUP (China Unicom Premium)”	Not stated	€46.95 a month plus €50 setup (Singapore); 2 GB RAM, 1 TB, 1 Gbit/s
ZgoCloud	Los Angeles; Frankfurt (9929 only)	CMIN2	9929	ISP VPS: Los Angeles to China only. Others not stated	$18 per 3 months (Frankfurt, 9929 only); 1 GB RAM, 1 TB, 200 Mbit/s
VMRack	Los Angeles	CMIN2	9929 (CUII)	Not stated	$36.99 a month; 4 GB RAM, 3 TB, 500 Mbit/s
DigitalVirt	Los Angeles; Frankfurt (9929 only)	CMIN2	9929	9929 and CMIN2 lines: “回程” (back to China)	¥39 a month; 1 GB RAM, 1,000 GB, 300 Mbit/s
CubeCloud	Los Angeles	Title: CMIN2. Details: CMI in, 4837 back	9929	Both directions listed	¥135 a month; 2 GB RAM, 1,200 GB, 2 Gbit/s
TMHHost	US	Not named	“CUII 9929”	Routes listed are 回程 (back to China) unless marked	¥38 a month; 1 GB RAM, 800 GB, 30 Mbit/s

Notes on the table:

• BandwagonHost labels these data centers with “China Telecom CN2 GIA, China Mobile CMIN2, China Unicom Premium”; Amsterdam’s EUNL_1 has CTGNet instead of CN2 GIA, and EUNL_9 lists only “AS10099 China Unicom Premium peering”. The same $49.99 E-Commerce plan, $169.99 a year, is sold there. Singapore’s cheapest plan is $49.99 a month. Its news post from November 2024 says CMIN2 is “enabled on all VMs hosted in USCA_6 and USCA_9 datacenters (E-commerce plans)”.
• DMIT’s status page lists China Unicom Premium and CMIN2 as “Inbound” on Los Angeles Pro and both ways on Los Angeles EB. Its Los Angeles page lists “Direct peering with China Telecom (AS4809), China Unicom (AS9929), and China Mobile International (AS58807)”, and DMIT says EB pairs Tier 1 transit “with reasonable-effort China routing via CMIN2 and other Chinese eyeball ISPs”. Every Los Angeles EB plan, from $10.90 a month, was out of stock, and so were the Pro plans under $72.90. In Hong Kong and Tokyo, DMIT lists CMI for China Mobile and no China Unicom route.
• HostDare says the connection from the VPS to your home line “is optimized with CN2 GIA(AS4809) or CU(AS9929) or CMIN2 (AS58807) uplink”, while “the return path from your home ISP to your VPS uses non-GIA uplinks, such as GTT and other ISP”. On October 14, its cheapest plan you could order was CAMD2, in its AMD line, with 1 left; its $28.99-per-quarter, $40.99-a-year and $45.99-per-quarter NVMe plans were sold out.
• nosla.cloud’s Tokyo plans start at ¥189 a month and its regular San Jose plans, from ¥115 per 3 months, were sold out. Its San Jose and Tokyo plans use German IP addresses. On October 14, 2026, it was running a National Day sale; the San Jose sale plans say China Mobile traffic comes in over CMI and goes back over CMIN2 until the IP is changed within 30 days.
• GreenCloudVPS’s Tokyo plans start at $85 a month in stock; the $25 and $45 Tokyo plans were sold out. Its plans carry no refunds.
• V.PS’s Tokyo plan, NRT EPYC Flash Gen 2, costs €49.95 a month plus a €50 setup fee, for 4 GB RAM. VAT may be added.
• ZgoCloud’s Los Angeles ISP VPS says “Los Angeles → China Mobile/China Unicom/China Telecom routes use premium lines”, naming 9929 and CMIN2, while “the routes from China → Los Angeles are not optimized”. Its Frankfurt plans say “9929 Advanced Network Routing” and start at $18 per 3 months; the $18 Los Angeles Starter was out of stock. On October 14, 2026, its special-offer page also listed the Los Angeles Starter at $52 a year.
• VMRack’s $9.99 and $23.99 Premium plans were sold out.
• DigitalVirt’s Los Angeles 9929 line says “CU-9929 回程” and its CMIN2 line, from ¥65 a month, “四网回程 CMIN2”, CMIN2 back to China for all networks. Its Los Angeles Pro line, also from ¥65, lists “电信 CN2 GIA 、移动 CMIN2、联通 9929” without a direction.
• CubeCloud’s plan title says “电信CN2+联通9929+移动CMIN2”, but its details list “回程电信CN2+联通9929+移动4837，去程电信CN2+联通9929+移动CMI”. On October 14, its ¥69 plan was sold out, two ¥135 plans were left and one ¥265 plan was left.
• TMHHost doesn’t name the US city on its order page, and calls its prices reference prices that depend on stock.

Other hosts name related routes:

• VollCloud sells Hong Kong plans it calls “CMIN2”. Its page says China Mobile traffic comes in over CMI and goes back over CMIN2, while China Telecom and China Unicom traffic comes in over 163 and goes back over CMI. Plans were listed from $8 a month, with a UK IP address, but the store’s address calls it a sale, so we couldn’t confirm a regular price.
• Misaka’s documentation lists CMIN2 and CUG as preferred routes to all three carriers on its higher routing profiles in Los Angeles, Berlin, Frankfurt and Singapore. It says the profiles “apply to egress traffic from Misaka.io toward the listed networks”, so they cover traffic leaving the server only. On October 14, every Los Angeles plan on its Premium Plus profile, which its Los Angeles page lists with CN2, China Unicom Global and CMIN2, was sold out, from $12.50 a month.
• HostKVM’s Hong Kong China Premium line lists “CN2 GIA/CMI/CUG”, and HNCloud’s Hong Kong and Singapore plans list “中国联通CUG精品网” (China Unicom’s CUG premium network) with CMI for China Mobile; HNCloud’s Singapore page also mentions “联通AS9929”. Neither names CMIN2.
• Vmiss’s store blocked our checks on October 13 and 14.

What independent tests found

These tests were posted on the NodeSeek forum. Several use TcpQuality, a test script that checks the route back to each Chinese province and the share of packets that had to be resent. Each is one person’s run at one time, and BandwagonHost has an official partnership with NodeSeek.

China Mobile and CMIN2

• Clean on some evenings. An Isvoro Los Angeles server, tested at 8:02 pm on October 8, 2026, sent traffic back to China Mobile over CMIN2 in all 31 provinces, with no resent packets in 30 of them.
• Slight loss on BandwagonHost DC6. A Beijing Mobile user tested at the evening peak in September 2026. The DC6 route back to China Mobile was CMIN2, with “轻微丢包，速度偏低” (slight loss, lower speed), which the tester called a common CMIN2 problem: 0.83% resent and 242 Mbit/s to Beijing Mobile, against 536 Mbit/s to Beijing Unicom.
• San Jose didn’t use CMIN2. In the same tester’s run on BandwagonHost’s San Jose data center, the route back to China Mobile was CN2 GIA in every province, with 8.5% resent and 27 Mbit/s to Beijing Mobile.
• Resends on DMIT EB. At 7:33 pm on July 13, 2026, a DMIT EB server’s route back to China Mobile used CMIN2 in 22 provinces, 18 of them with 3% to 30% resent. The 9 provinces routed over AS10099 showed none.
• Evening loss in Japan. In October 2026, a China Mobile home user found about 11% UDP loss from an HNCloud Japan server on CMIN2 at the evening peak, none in the morning, and 0 to 0.14% from another Hong Kong CMIN2 server. The user later put it down to China Mobile’s own evening throttling.
• Ordinary CMI for comparison. A Rabisu Singapore server’s route to China Mobile in Guangzhou ran over NTT and CMI. A ping to it from China at about 10:30 pm on October 7, 2026, lost 16% of packets.

China Unicom, 9929 and 10099

• 4837 vs 9929 on BandwagonHost. In September 2026, a Tianjin Unicom user tested one server in seven data centers between 10:17 and 11:25 pm. On USCA_2, with 4837 both ways, ping averaged 186 ms with 2 of 100 lost, and single-connection downloads ran at 45.5 Mbit/s. On USCA_9, over 4837, 9929 and AS10099, it was 160 ms with none lost and 134 Mbit/s; USCA_6 had 156 ms and 127 Mbit/s. San Jose’s route back went over CN2, then 4837.
• 4837 can hold up. A SadIDC Los Angeles server on 4837, tested at 9:37 pm on October 11, 2026, had no resent packets back to China Unicom in any province, at 158 to 202 ms, and 274 to 355 Mbit/s to Beijing and Shanghai Unicom.
• 9929 in Germany. A Panstar server in Germany on 9929 had no resent packets back to China Unicom in any province at 9:03 pm on August 8, 2026, but up to 40% for China Mobile users on the same route. On another German 9929 server, a user saw latency rise from 130 to 140 ms by day to 165 to 175 ms between 10 pm and midnight (October 2026), and a reply blamed an oversold upstream.
• 10099 on DMIT EB. In the July 13 test above, every province’s route back to China Unicom used AS10099, with no resent packets except 3% in Henan.

The results varied by province, host and hour, so test your own server in the evening, China time.

Who needs CMIN2 or 9929

For a trip to China, you don’t. For a phone, a roaming eSIM that routes your data outside mainland China is simpler. For a laptop, see VPNs that work in China. eSIM or VPN for China? helps you choose.

These routes matter when you run a server that people in China use, and only for the carriers they are on: CMIN2 for China Mobile, 9929 or AS10099 for China Unicom, and CN2 GIA for China Telecom. The CN2 GIA VPS guide compares hosts by location.

They are network routes, not VPNs. The firewall can still block a server’s IP address, and hosts plan for it: DigitalVirt won’t refund a server whose IP has been blocked by the GFW, and its rules ban “跨境访问节点” (cross-border access nodes). Before you use a VPS to reach blocked services from China, read the host’s rules and what the law says about VPNs in China.